Compiler compatible 5.66 Mb/mm2 8T 1R1W register file in 14 nm FinFET technology

1-read/1-write (1R1W) register file (RF) is a popular memory configuration in modern feature rich SoCs requiring significant amount of embedded memory. A memory compiler is constructed using the 8T RF bitcell spanning a range of instances from 32 b to 72 Kb. An 8T low-leakage bitcell of 0.106 μm² is used in a 14 nm FinFET technology with a 70 nm contacted gate pitch for high-density (HD) two-port (TP) RF memory compiler which achieves 5.66 Mb/mm² array density for a 72 Kb array which is the highest reported density in 14 nm FinFET technology. The density improvement is achieved by using techniques such as leaf-cell optimization (eliminating transistors), better architectural planning, top level connectivity through leaf-cell abutment and minimizing the number of unique leaf-cells. These techniques are fully compatible with memory compiler usage over the required span. Leakage power is minimized by using power-switches without degrading the density mentioned above. Self-induced supply voltage collapse technique is applied for write and a four stack static keeper is used for read Vmin improvement. Fabricated test chips using 14 nm process have demonstrated 2.33 GHz performance at 1.1 V/25 °C operation. Overall V_min of 550 mV is achieved with this design at 25 °C. The inbuilt power-switch improves leakage power by 12x in simulation. Approximately 8% die area of a leading 14 nm SoC in commercialization is occupied by these compiled RF instances.     

三碳以下有机物高温氯化制备四氯乙烯

介绍了对三碳以下有机物进行高温氯化生产四氯乙烯的原理,分析了影响产品四氯乙烯收率的因素,并探讨了减少副产高沸物、增加四氯乙烯收率的措施。     

3-D numerical investigation of water/CuO nanofluid critical heat flux phenomenon in a PWR core channel during LOCA

Forced convection boiling and critical heat flux have been under considerable attention in variety of areas due to high heat removal capacity. However, once the heat flux exceeds a certain high level (CHF), the heated surface can no longer support continuous liquid contact, associated with substantial reduction in the heat transfer efficiency. One way to increase the level of the CHF is to add certain nanoparticles to the base fluid. The present paper investigates the effects of the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles on CHF phenomenon within the general-purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The governing equations solved are generalized phase continuity, momentum and energy equations. Wall boiling phenomena are modeled using the baseline mechanistic nucleate boiling model developed in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). To simulate the critical heat flux phenomenon, the RPI model is extended to the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) by partitioning wall heat flux to both liquid and vapor phases considering the existence of thin liquid wall film. It was shown that the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles in the base fluid, delays the dryout phenomenon dramatically and in specific concentration, CHF threshold would be enhanced, therefore, raising the upper limit of CHF could allow for higher safety margins.     

Two-agent two-machine flowshop scheduling with learning effects to minimize the total completion time

We study a two-agent scheduling problem in a two-machine permutation flowshop with learning effects. The objective is to minimize the total completion time of the jobs from one agent, given that the maximum tardiness of the jobs from the other agent cannot exceed a bound. We provide a branch-and-bound algorithm for the problem. In addition, we present several genetic algorithms to obtain near-optimal solutions. Computational results indicate that the algorithms perform well in either solving the problem or efficiently generating near-optimal solutions.     

Two stage stochastic bilevel programming model of a pre-established timberlands supply chain with biorefinery investment interests

This work studies the supply allocation problem, using a Stackelberg game, for an established timberlands supply chain with an additional decision of new biorefinery investments. In a timberlands system, harvester and manufacturer decision makers have separate objectives to maximize their respective profits. This interaction is represented with a turn based Stackelberg game. The harvesters decide first on the quantity harvested, and the manufacturers decide on how much to utilize. This game is modeled with a bilevel mathematical program. The novel feature of this paper's bilevel formulation is the inclusion of parametric uncertainty in a two stage model. The first stage problem involves logistical decisions around biorefinery investments, such as location and capacity, while the second stage problem involves a bilevel timberlands model with parameter uncertainty. Studying this problem formulation revealed interesting insights for solving multiperiod problems with bilevel stages as well as the decision maker's behavior for the timberlands model.     

Two‐Parameter Continuation and Bifurcation Strategies for Oscillatory Behavior Elimination from a Zymomonas mobilis Fermentation System

Two‐parameter continuation and bifurcation analysis strategies were applied to deal with the oscillatory phenomena of a Zymomonas mobilis ethanol fermentation system. A structured verified non‐linear mathematical model considering the physiological limitations of microorganisms for a single continuous fermenter for ethanol production using Z. mobilis was built to identify the Hopf bifurcation (HB) points, which indicate the oscillatory behavior, using the inlet substrate concentration and the dilution rate as bifurcation parameters. The path of the HB points can be determined with different controlling operating parameters. It was found that with the addition of a small amount of cells or ethanol to the feed stream or by increasing the dilution rate, the oscillations could be eliminated and steady‐state behavior was attained. Using a two‐parameter continuation strategy, the Z. mobilis fermentation system could operate at steady state without oscillatory behavior.     

Achieving Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction over a Ni5P4 Catalyst Incorporating Single-Atomic Ru Sites

Developing efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline water electrolysis is central to substantial progress of alkaline hydrogen production. Herein, a Ni₅P₄ electrocatalyst incorporating single-atom Ru (Ni₅P₄-Ru) is synthesized through the filling of Ru³⁺ species into the metal vacancies of nickel hydroxides and subsequent phosphorization treatment. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray-based measurements, and electron microscopy observations confirm the strong interaction between the nickel-vacancy defect and Ru cation, resulting in more than 3.83 wt% single-atom Ru incorporation in the obtained Ni₅P₄-Ru. The Ni₅P₄-Ru as an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst achieves low onset potential of 17 mV and an overpotential of 54 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 together with a small Tafel slope of 52.0 mV decade^-1 and long-term stability. Further spectroscopy analyses combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the doped Ru sites can cause localized structure polarization, which brings the low energy barrier for water dissociation on Ru site and the optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy on the interstitial site, well rationalizing the experimental reactivity.     

A new analysis of two phase flow on hydrogen production from water electrolysis

It is clear that the entire world have to research, develop, demonstrate and plan for alternative energy systems for shorter term and also longer term. As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen has become increasingly important. It owes its prestige to the increase within the energy costs as a result of the equivocalness in the future availability. Two phase flow and hydrogen gas flow dynamics effect on performance of water electrolysis. Hydrogen bubbles are recognized to influence energy and mass transfer in gas-evolving electrodes. The movement of hydrogen bubbles on the electrodes in alkaline electrolysis is known to affect the reaction efficiency. Within the scope of this research, a physical modeling for the alkaline electrolysis is determined and the studies about the two-phase flow model are carried out for this model. Internal and external forces acting on the resulting bubbles are also determined. In this research, the analytical solution of two-phase flow analysis of hydrogen in the electrolysis is analyzed.     

采场覆岩两带与采空区自燃三带相关关系研究

为研究采煤工作面覆岩两带（冒落带、裂隙带）与自燃三带（散热带、窒息带、氧化带）的关系，通过建立覆岩运移模型，应用CDEM软件模拟分析了试验工作面采动空间上覆岩层两带的扩展过程，分析垂向方向覆岩两带分布对水平方向上垮落煤岩堆积状态的影响情况。通过现场埋管实测的手段以及氧体积分数法进行了采空区煤自燃三带的划分。研究表明，冒落带高度稳定情况下，采煤推进距离（48 m）与采空区散热带和氧化带的分界线（进风侧采空区以里50 m左右，回风侧采空区以里40 m左右）有较好的吻合关系。裂隙带高度稳定情况（顶板150 m处的岩层最大下沉值趋于基本稳定）下，采煤推进距离（126 m）与采空区氧化带和窒息带的分界线有较好的对应关系。     

The vibration and pull-in mechanism of two coupled elastically restrained beams assembly subjected to electrostatic force

ABSTRACT

The novel model of the coupled beam-type electrodes with elastic roots, subjected to the AC and DC voltages is constructed. The exact critical pull-in voltage of the two coupled elastically restrained beams with size effect is presented. The analytical method of the general system subjected to the AC and DC voltages simultaneously is presented. The characteristic mechanism of coupled vibration is investigated.